Johann Sebastian Bach: Sonaten für Violine & Cembalo BWV 1014-1019 auf 2 CDs

Die Geburtsstunde der klassischen Duosonate

Weil Bach praktisch in allen Gesichtspunkten von der konventionellen Form der barocken Triosonate abweicht, ist es in seinen sechs Sonaten für Violine und Cembalo möglich, beide Instrumente bei der Entfaltung des thematisch-motivischen Materials gleichberechtigt teilhaben zu lassen. Auf diese Weise kann sich auch zwischen den beiden ausführenden Musikern ein echter Dialog entwickeln. Catherine Mason und Ton Koopman tun dies auf beispielhafte Weise.

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By departing in virtually every respect from the conventional model of the baroque trio sonata, Bach’s six sonatas for harpsichord and violin let both instruments participate equally in the unfolding of the thematic-motivic material. They establish a genuine dialog between the two performers as well and, thereby, actually pave the way for the classic duo sonata. The dialog between these two top musicians is equel and enchanting and the intimate nature of this recording draws the listener immediately in the music.

Bach’s violin sonatas, more properly called sonatas for harpsichord and violin, represent a closed set of six works and resemble in this way a number of similar instrumental work groups consisting of half a dozen pieces of the same kind. Take for example the six sonatas and partitas for unaccompanied violin, the six suites for cello solo, the six English Suites, or the six Brandenburg Concertos—to mention only a few. The concept Bach pursues in these work groups, however, does not aim at a cycle in the sense of a specific sequence in which the pieces are to be performed; it rather follows the principle of systematically exploring the manifold musical possibilities that can be realized in one and the same category of composition. Hence, the single works happen to form a whole, that is, a more or less closed set. If published it would constitute an “opus”, as Bach called the printed edition of his six keyboard partitas of 1731.

The most important feature of Bach’s violin sonatas consisted in their innovative scoring, an absolute novelty at the time of their origin and in many ways the prototype, on which the classical violin-piano sonata of a Mozart and Beethoven would be based. Even though the traditional elements of the Baroque trio sonata for two treble instruments and basso continuo can still be found in a number of movements or sections of movements where the violin and the right hand of the harpsichord form a duo structure over a bass fundament, the prevailing texture of the harpsichord part transcends the trio convention. In the six sonatas BWV 1014-19, the composer Bach single-handedly created a transformation of the genre of violin sonata.