Leonard Bernstein at Harvard - The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question"
Leonard Bernstein at Harvard - The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question"
David Evitts, Ezio Flagello, Tom Krause, Tatiana Troyanos, Rene Kollo, Henryk Szeryng, Boston Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic Orchestra, Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks, Leonard Bernstein, Rafael Kubelik
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Eine sechsteilige Vortragsreihe von Leonard Bernstein in Harvard 1973 in englischer Sprache.
Part 1: Musical Phonology
Part 2: Musical Syntax
Part 3: Musical Semantics
Part 4: The Delights and Dangers of Ambiguity
Part 5: The Twentieth Century Crisis
Part 6: The Poetry of Earth
+Musikbeispiele: Mozart: Symphonie Nr. 40 g-moll KV 550; Beethoven: Symphonie Nr. 6 "Pastorale"; Berlioz: Romeo et Juliette op. 17; Wagner: Vorspiel & Liebestod aus Tristan und Isolde; Debussy: Prelude a l'apres-midi d'un faune; Ravel: Feria aus Rhapsodie espagnole; Ives: The unanswered Question; Berg: Violinkonzert (2. Satz Allegro ma sempre rubato); Mahler: Symphonie Nr. 9 (4. Satz Adagio, sehr langsam und zurückhaltend); Strawinsky: Oedipus Rex (Gesamtaufnahme)
- Künstler: David Evitts, Ezio Flagello, Tom Krause, Tatiana Troyanos, Rene Kollo, Henryk Szeryng, Boston Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic Orchestra, Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks, Leonard Bernstein, Rafael Kubelik
- Label: Sony, ADD, 1973
- Erscheinungstermin: 17.8.2018
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»Alles, was ich mache, ist auf die eine oder andere Weise Lehre«, sagte einst Leonard Bernstein (Harvard-Klasse von 1939) in einem Interview. 1971 wurde er von seiner Alma Mater eingeladen, für das nächste Akademische Jahr die Charles Eliot Norton-Professur für Poesie der Universität zu übernehmen. Die prestigeträchtige Ernennung – zuvor bereits vergeben an Strawinsky, Hindemith und Copland sowie an Autoren wie T. S. Eliot oder Robert Frost und E. E. Cummings – erforderte, insgesamt sechs öffentliche Vorlesungen abzuhalten. Diese wurden jeweils zweimal abgehalten: einmal vor dem Harvard-Publikum und anschließend vor einer kleinen Gruppe von Zuhörern im Bostoner Fernsehen, die vom Öffentlichen Rundfunk in den USA und von der BBC in Großbritannien ausgestrahlt wurden. Harvard University Press veröffentlichte sie auch als Buch, aber Bernstein bestand darauf, dass sie »geschrieben wurden, nicht um sie zu lesen, sondern um sie zu hören«. Ursprünglich von Columbia Masterworks in 6-LP-Sets im Jahr 1974 veröffentlicht, hätte diese Neuauflage, bestehend aus 13 CDs, anlässlich seines 100. Geburtstags Amerikas besten Musiklehrer sicher entzückt.
»Everything I do is in one way or another teaching,« Leonard Bernstein (Harvard class of 1939) once told an interviewer. In 1971, he was invited by his alma mater to become the university’s Charles Eliot Norton Professor of Poetry for the next academic year. The prestigious appointment – previously awarded to Stravinsky, Hindemith and Copland as well as to writers including T. S. Eliot, Robert Frost and E. E. Cummings – required him to deliver a series of six public lectures. The lectures were each given twice, first to the audience in Harvard Square, and afterwards before a small group of listeners at Boston’s WGBH-TV, for broadcast by PBS in the US and by the BBC in the UK. Harvard University Press also published them as a book, but Bernstein insisted that they »were written, not to be read, but listened to.« Originally released by Columbia Masterworks in 6 LP sets in 1974, this 13 CD reissue on the 100th anniversary of his birth would surely have delighted America’s foremost teacher of music.
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»Everything I do is in one way or another teaching,« Leonard Bernstein (Harvard class of 1939) once told an interviewer. In 1971, he was invited by his alma mater to become the university’s Charles Eliot Norton Professor of Poetry for the next academic year. The prestigious appointment – previously awarded to Stravinsky, Hindemith and Copland as well as to writers including T. S. Eliot, Robert Frost and E. E. Cummings – required him to deliver a series of six public lectures. The lectures were each given twice, first to the audience in Harvard Square, and afterwards before a small group of listeners at Boston’s WGBH-TV, for broadcast by PBS in the US and by the BBC in the UK. Harvard University Press also published them as a book, but Bernstein insisted that they »were written, not to be read, but listened to.« Originally released by Columbia Masterworks in 6 LP sets in 1974, this 13 CD reissue on the 100th anniversary of his birth would surely have delighted America’s foremost teacher of music.
- Tracklisting
- Details
- Mitwirkende
Disk 1 von 13 (CD)
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 1: Musical Phonology
- 1 First of all...
- 2 Perhaps the principal thing...
- 3 Let me start...
- 4 This is not just a sentimental anecdote...
- 5 From this time...
- 6 But how do we investigate...
- 7 Now you can see...
- 8 Universality is a big word...
- 9 Other linguists...
- 10 I began by imagining myself...
- 11 Well, then I thought...
- 12 Let's make a simple analogy...
- 13 Maybe even a divine one...
- 14 But where do these notes come from...
- 15 This acoustical phenomenon...
- 16 All these upper notes...
- 17 The first overtone...
- 18 But more of that later...
- 19 But let's not make the mistake...
- 20 And that's how the tempered clavichord...
- 21 Now this is a substantive universal...
Disk 2 von 13 (CD)
- 1 But let's be careful...
- 2 And there is always that blue note...
- 3 But even these twelve tones...
- 4 I trust you realize...
- 5 And again comes a great leap...
- 6 Now this means...
- 7 This is not to say that there were no drastic changes...
- 8 But meanwhile we are still in the Golden Age...
- 9 So, we're in the midst of a chromatic adventure...
- 10 And all by those progressions...
- 11 Now, I must point out...
- 12 Do you realize...
Sinfonie Nr. 40 g-moll KV 550
- 13 1. Molto allegro
- 14 2. Andante
- 15 3. Menuett: Allegretto - Trio
- 16 4. Allegro assai
Disk 3 von 13 (CD)
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 2: Musical Syntax
- 1 Every once in a while...
- 2 Last week...
- 3 Amen, says Noam Chomsky...
- 4 I suppose what Chomsky is really after...
- 5 So, let's pull up our socks...
- 6 All right, let's try another one...
- 7 Why am I taking your time...
- 8 Well then...
- 9 I think it follows...
- 10 But first, what are these principles...
- 11 Transformational grammar...
- 12 But now just think of that sentence...
- 13 Since this is not a linguistics class...
- 14 Take the passive transformation...
- 15 Well, it hasn't brought us there...
- 16 Good - now just as three notes are linked together...
- 17 Now let's go back...
- 18 Now we are ready...
- 19 Now I want to take you...
- 20 Well, transformation, deletion, embedding, pronominalization...
- 21 I am sure I don't have to trouble...
- 22 Here I go...
- 23 I have asked myself...
- 24 I became so fascinated...
Disk 4 von 13 (CD)
- 1 Let's take one such utterance...
- 2 Now imagine...
- 3 Now let's see...
- 4 Mozart's G minor Symphony...
- 5 Now our job is...
- 6 That introductory accompaniment...
- 7 What does this three-note design mean...
- 8 The reason I pick symmetry...
- 9 Now from here on...
- 10 And once again, we are back...
- 11 By far the chief transformational principle...
- 12 You see, one of the great failings...
- 13 Most people hearing Mozart's opening...
- 14 So what, you ask...
- 15 And if you are still not convinced...
- 16 These ambiguities...
- 17 For instance, in this same first movement...
- 18 So all these syntactic transformations of the same material...
- 19 He talks about this sonnet...
- 20 Because now it's time...
- 21 But now let's listen to...
- 22 Listen to the whole exposition...
- 23 Development coming up...
- 24 The circle of fifths again...
- 25 And that was all one single sentence...
Disk 5 von 13 (CD)
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 3: Musical Semantics
- 1 The other day...
- 2 The first would show us one meaning...
- 3 Think of this famous passage...
- 4 A linguist would say...
- 5 Well, I replied, Chomsky would say...
- 6 Of course, that last metaphorical leap...
- 7 Terrific, said my blonde inquisitor...
- 8 In fact, when you think of the number...
- 9 All right, first let's look briefly...
- 10 Playing, that's the word...
- 11 But does this Stravinskian game concept...
- 12 There are three specific ways...
- 13 Now, having defined my usages of metaphor...
- 14 And here we are in trouble...
- 15 Are we feeling what Beethoven supposedly felt...
- 16 We will never know...
- 17 Now, if we accept this general idea...
- 18 In our last lecture...
- 19 We all recognize antithesis...
- 20 It can and it does...
- 21 And again, as in the poem...
- 22 In fact, it has been authoritatively suggested...
- 23 We can expand the idea...
- 24 What do you suppose...
- 25 What's seriously striking...
- 26 So why the Pastorale in this lecture...
- 27 Let's begin at the beginning...
- 28 But what of the more obvious melodic material...
- 29 But to develop how...
- 30 Now we have an insight...
- 31 But wait...
- 32 But why were just those two notes added...
Disk 6 von 13 (CD)
- 1 The metaphor arises...
- 2 But in the ensuing four bars...
- 3 But that's not the main event...
- 4 Well, that's the beginning...
- 5 That's one of the questions...
- 6 This interference of the two frequencies...
- 7 But what are we to say...
- 8 It is to be found...
- 9 Now that's one way of looking...
- 10 At this point...
- 11 Even if you can succeed...
Sinfonie Nr. 6 F-Dur op. 68 "Pastorale"
- 12 1. Erwachen heiterer Empfindungen bei der Ankunft auf dem Lande (Allegro ma non troppo)
- 13 2. Szene am Bach (Andante molto moto)
- 14 3. Lustiges Zusammensein der Landleute (Allegro)
- 15 4. Gewitter, Sturm (Allegro)
- 16 5. Hirtengesang: Frohe und dankbare Gefühle nach dem Sturm (Allegretto)
Disk 7 von 13 (CD)
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 4: The Delights and Dangers of Ambiguity
- 1 When I first wrote down the title...
- 2 Part of the danger...
- 3 The idea of ambiguity...
- 4 Similarly, in our second lecture...
- 5 Then what's the magic secret...
- 6 Enough of ambiguity...
- 7 The irony of all this...
- 8 But, mind you...
- 9 Where music was concerned...
- 10 Only think of...
- 11 And Chopin: well, we can't ignore Chopin...
- 12 And then, in the same little mazurka...
- 13 Foolish questions...
- 14 Let me try to read you...
- 15 Listen to this...
- 16 They began to intermingle...
- 17 The pivotal point...
- 18 So there is a dramatic change...
- 19 So it is after all not so surprising...
- 20 Now if you noticed...
- 21 You see, the music is trying hard...
- 22 So that instant in musical time...
- 23 Now Romeo is all stirred up...
Roméo et Juliette op. 17 (Romeo und Julia, Dramatische Sinfonie)
- 24 1. Roméo seul: Tristesse - Bruits de concerts et de Bal - Grand fête chez Capulet: Andante malinconico e sostenuto
- 25 2. Allegro - Larghetto espressivo
- 26 3. Allegro
- 27 4. Réunion des deux thèmes, du Larghetto et de l'Allegro
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 4: The Delights and Dangers of Ambiguity
- 28 What a piece...
- 29 Quite unconsciously borrowed...
- 30 My purpose in all this...
- 31 Is it, says Wagner...
Disk 8 von 13 (CD)
- 1 Every diminished seventh chord...
- 2 Now the remarkable thing is...
- 3 And this is what gives Tristan...
Tristan und Isolde (Oper in 3 Akten) (Auszug)
- 4 Vorspiel - Liebestod
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 4: The Delights and Dangers of Ambiguity
- 5 That may be the slowest performance...
- 6 But ultimately...
- 7 Poetry has begun to show...
- 8 And when Debussy...
- 9 It's lovely, this dreaming...
- 10 For example, do you remember...
- 11 In fact, the ending of this piece...
- 12 Let me show you briefly...
- 13 This new episode that proceeds...
- 14 For instance, hardly have we had time...
- 15 Because the scale...
- 16 It's almost exactly what happens...
- 17 Literally translated...
- 18 But notice, too, that the example...
- 19 Both works have definitive beginnings...
- 20 Listen as I pay...
- 21 Claude Debussy: Prélude à l'après midi d'un faune (Vorspiel zu Der Nachmittag eines Faun)
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 4: The Delights and Dangers of Ambiguity
- 22 Some crazy modern music...
Disk 9 von 13 (CD)
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 5: The Twentieth Century Crisis
- 1 Our lecture tonight...
Rhapsodie espagnole (Auszug)
- 2 4. Feria
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 5: The Twentieth Century Crisis
- 3 What a way to enter the twentieth century...
- 4 But 1908, if the truth be told...
- 5 These troubling presentiments...
- 6 So, now in 1908...
- 7 This is atonality...
- 8 A charming idea...
- 9 Charles Ives: The unanswered Question
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 5: The Twentieth Century Crisis
- 10 Is that luminous final triad...
- 11 I have recently been reading...
- 12 We have already referred to some of those...
- 13 In any case...
- 14 But for all these reasons...
- 15 Son of Tristan...
- 16 Now you look at those first two bars...
- 17 Of course, there are lots...
- 18 It's as though a new covenant...
- 19 Trouble is, that the new musical rules...
- 20 The kind of tonal feeling...
- 21 Of course, there are those who say...
- 22 It seems somehow inevitable...
- 23 Is there possibly the beginning...
- 24 And what about Beethoven's Ninth...
- 25 There are some of the problems...
Disk 10 von 13 (CD)
- 1 Now let's jump ahead...
- 2 Let's put it another way...
- 3 First of all, Berg chose a tone row...
- 4 So, all in all...
- 5 Alban Berg: Konzert für Violine und Orchester (Auszug)
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 5: The Twentieth Century Crisis
- 6 Fantastic...
- 7 It comes at a point...
Konzert für Violine und Orchester (Auszug)
- 8 2. Allegro, ma sempre rubato
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 5: The Twentieth Century Crisis
- 9 If this particularly demanding lecture...
- 10 If you really have been thinking...
- 11 But while restudying this work...
- 12 The twentieth century...
- 13 What do you do if you know all this...
- 14 It's very strange, how the pieces...
- 15 What exactly was this news...
- 16 We emerge from a cinema...
- 17 As you listen to this finale...
- 18 This is Mahler...
Sinfonie Nr. 9 D-Dur (Auszug)
- 19 4. Adagio, sehr langsam und noch zurückhaltend
Disk 11 von 13 (CD)
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 6: The Poetry of Earth
- 1 I know what you are thinking...
- 2 What about this...
- 3 I am plaguing you with this question...
- 4 Of course what he is really talking about...
- 5 But it was precisely...
- 6 Now I have just used two words...
- 7 In fact, it was Satie, Picasso, and Cocteau...
- 8 But our scene...
- 9 Even in the most...
- 10 For our purposes...
- 11 Musicologists are always pointing...
- 12 But bitonality does not only serve...
- 13 Of course, polytonality can and does...
- 14 Now what's going on...
- 15 And while you are in that record shop...
- 16 Of course, these asymmetries...
- 17 Brutal it may be...
- 18 Now, remember...
- 19 These are two sets...
- 20 Just cast an eye...
- 21 Now that page of music...
- 22 But the most striking semantic effect...
- 23 This new aesthetic relaxation...
- 24 Even some Germans...
- 25 You can see how the transformation...
- 26 Chomsky himself gives a classic example...
- 27 Very important, the ironic element...
- 28 So, it would seem...
- 29 But this neoclassic approach...
- 30 I think this is again a moment...
- 31 It's the essence...
- 32 If this poem were rewritten...
Disk 12 von 13 (CD)
- 1 Why have I digressed...
- 2 Now can you understand...
- 3 Untermeyer called this...
- 4 Of course, with The Waste Land...
- 5 But the thing of it all is...
- 6 We are going to hear...
- 7 One has only learned to get...
- 8 Now I propose only because...
- 9 This union is possible only because...
- 10 But what has all this to do with Stravinsky...
- 11 And this is the essence...
- 12 Look: here is a joke...
- 13 Chilling, shattering, neoclassic...
- 14 Stravinsky's own aesthetic pronouncements...
- 15 But of course he was forced...
- 16 And now we are finally reading...
- 17 And then Mozart appears...
- 18 But this eclecticism knows no bounds...
- 19 Now all this I had planned to tell you...
- 20 You think that's funny...
- 21 How about that...
- 22 Then came the answer...
- 23 But why this particular misalliance...
- 24 My words are poor...
Disk 13 von 13 (CD)
Oedipus Rex (Oratorium) (Gesamtaufnahme)
- 1 Prolog: You are about to hear a Latin version of Oedipous the King
- 2 Caedit nos pestis (1. Akt)
- 3 Liberi, vos liberabo
- 4 This is Creon, brother-in-law of Oedipus
- 5 Respondit deus
- 6 Oedipus questions the Fountain of Truth
- 7 Dicere non possum
- 8 Gloria!
- 9 The dispute of the princes attracts the attention of Jocasta (2. Akt)
- 10 Nonn' erubescite, reges
- 11 Ne probentur oracula
- 12 Ego senem cecici
- 13 The witness to the murder comes out of the shadow
- 14 Adest omniscius pastor
- 15 Nonne monstrum rescituri
- 16 And now you are going to hear that famous monolog...
- 17 Divum Jocastae caput mortuum!
- 18 Ecce! Regem Oedipoda
The Norton Lectures 1973: "The Unanswered Question" Teil 6: The Poetry of Earth
- 19 Va-le-di-co...
- 20 During that decade...
- 21 It was at this point that I wrote...
- 22 What interests me about it...
- 23 Is it possible...
- 24 It's as tough in the period...
- 25 And I believe...
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