General relativity or the general theory of relativity is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915. It is the current description of gravitation in modern physics. General relativity generalises special relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or spacetime. In particular, the curvature of spacetime is directly related to the four-momentum (mass-energy and linear momentum) of whatever matter and radiation are present. The relation is specified by the Einstein field equations, a system of partial differential equations. Einstein's theory has important astrophysical implications. For example, it implies the existence of black holes-regions of space in which space and time are distorted in such a way that nothing, not even light, can escape-as an end-state for massive stars. There is evidence that such stellar black holes as well as more massive varieties of black hole are responsible for the intense radiation emitted by certain types of astronomical objects such as active galactic nuclei or microquasars.
Biografie
Albert Einstein, geboren 1879 in Ulm, stellte die Relativitätstheorie auf, mit der er neue Grundlagen für die moderne Physik schuf. 1921 erhielt er den Nobelpreis für Physik. Als Autor kennt man ihn vor allem durch seine Briefe: berühmt sein Schreiben an Präsident Roosevelt, in dem er - überzeugter Pazifist - sich aus Furcht vor einer deutschen Aggression für die Entwicklung der Atombombe aussprach. Seine Laufbahn als Professor führte ihn über Zürich, Prag und Berlin nach Princeton, wo er 1955 starb.
