This book provides a concise but thorough introduction to important phenomena of low-temperature physics. It is ideally suited as a textbook for advanced undergraduates but will also be valuable to graduate students, scientists and engineers working in this field. Clear explanations of both theoretical and experimental approaches coupled with carefully selected problems will enable students to gain a firm understanding of even the most recent research developments.
Inhaltsangabe
Quantum Fluids.- Helium General Properties.- Superfluid 4He Helium II.- Normal-Fluid 3He.- Superfluid 3He.- Mixtures of 3He and 4He.- Solids at Low Temperatures.- Phonons.- Conduction Electrons.- Magnetic Moments Spins.- Tunneling Systems.- Superconductivity.- Principles of Refrigeration and Thermometry.- Cooling Techniques.- Thermometry.
Klappentext
Science is often a journey to the limits of the feasible and ascertainable. In low-temperature physics this journey strives towards absolute zero. When Louis Cailletet on December 2nd, 1877, realized a major step in terms of the production of low temperatures, namely the ?rst liquefaction of oxygen, he could hardly imagine the wealth of exciting physical phenomena that would bediscoveredinthis?eld. Despitetheanticipation fromeverydayexperience, which generally equates cold with discomfort and sti?ening, condensed m- ter at low temperatures reveals a wide array of fascinating properties. As the mostprominentexamplesletusmentionsuper?uidityandsuperconductivity, whose attraction is undiminished since their discovery. With every step - wards lower temperatures numerous new insights have resulted, which make the traditional subject of low-temperature physics an attractive and modern research topic. The present book is based on material from lectures that both authors have given several times at the universities of Heidelberg, Bayreuth and Konstanz. It is focused on the discussion of physical phenomena that become most apparent at low temperatures. The book is mainly aimed at students, and provides a compact and comprehensible introduction to various topics of low-temperature physics. Selection and emphasis of the material is subj- tive and certainly re?ects our personal preferences. However, we have tried to give room for as wide a spectrum of topics as possible. The contents are organized in three parts, entitled quantum ?uids, solids at low temperatures and principles of refrigeration and thermometry.
Biografie (Siegfried Hunklinger)
Prof. Dr. Siegfried Hunklinger ist seit 1982 Professor am Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik der Universität Heidelberg. 1977 erhielt er den Walter-Schottky-Preis für Festkörperphysik der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft und 1999 die renommierte Stern-Gerlach-Medaille der DPG für seine langjährigen herausragenden experimentellen Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Physik amorpher Festkörper. Prof. Hunklingers Untersuchungen zu den Tieftemperatureigenschaften mit Hilfe von Ultraschall- und dielektrischen Methoden haben entscheidend zum Verständnis des Verhaltens der Gläser beigetragen, das, wie er zeigte, bei tiefen Temperaturen vor allem durch quantenmechanisches Tunneln von Atomen bestimmt ist. Ausgeprägter Praxisbezug kennzeichnet viele Arbeiten von Siegfried Hunklinger, zum Beispiel seine Forschung über neue Methoden der Sensorik mit akustischen Oberflächenwellen. Zum Technologietransfer trug er durch Mitwirkung bei der Gründung neuer Firmen mit heute über 150 Mitarbeitern effektiv bei. Hervorzuheben ist auch sein besonderer Einsatz und die wirksame Hilfe bei der Errichtung der ersten Fakultät für Physik an der chinesischen Tongji-Universität.
