This is a sequel to a volume published in 2011 by OUP under the title The Ubiquitous iva: Som nanda's ivad i and his Tantric Interlocutors. The present volume presents the fourth chapter of the ivad i and ivad iv tti and addresses a fresh set of issues that engage a distinct family of opposing schools and authors of mainstream Indian philosophical traditions. Som nanda challenges his philosophical interlocutors with a single over-arching argument: he suggests that their views cannot cohere-they cannot be explained logically-unless their authors accept the aiva non-duality for which he advocates. The Ubiquitous iva Volume II offers the first English translation, critical edition, and commentary of Chapter Four of the ivad i and ivad iv tti.